ദീര്‍‍ഘസ്വരം

The long forms of swarams "a", "i" and "u" can be created by either capitalizing (A, I, U) or by doubling (aa, ii, uu). For "e" and "o", only capitalization will work (E and O). "ee" and "oo" are equivalent to "I" and "U" respectively, due to our historical usage of these combinations.

(contributed by Umesh)